Saturday, January 9, 2010

Handel: The Eight Great Harpsichord Suites (Paul Nicholson)


2005底開始學大鍵琴以來,也開始大量收集大鍵琴的CD。以前小時候,甚至到大學的時候接觸和收集的巴洛克音樂,以室內樂和管弦樂為主,獨奏的音樂仍比較少,而且也以巴哈為主。雖然上研究所有購買巴哈和Francois Couperin的大鍵琴曲全集,但因為對樂器的了解有限,所以一次有辦法專注地聽完一整張CD的次數不多。


畢竟,大鍵琴跟鋼琴比較起來,音量變化極少。因此,要將它彈得很有音樂性,有某種程度上的挑戰。其中的手法,都很細膩,剛從鋼琴轉到大鍵琴上的時候,有很多地方都得做調整。不過日後慢慢越了解這樂器的特性,在彈奏上跟欣賞二層面上都有更深一層的認識。此後,我大量收集大鍵琴的曲目,從不同的國家到不同的時期都有買。這不僅讓我對巴洛克的鍵盤音樂的知識增加許多,也在聽這些音樂的時候,得到想要自己練的新曲子的靈感。如今,大鍵琴的音樂已是我平常生活中分不開的一部份。

這兩張Handel的八首大鍵琴組曲,是學琴之後才買的,也是我手邊很喜歡的大鍵琴錄音之一。Handel所出版的組曲有兩冊,第一冊是1720年出版的,第二冊是1733年出版的。許多音樂家主要只錄第一冊,包括手邊自己的這個錄音也是。 其中第五個組曲的最後一首主題與變奏,更是今天大家膾炙人口的「快樂的鐵匠」。

我從小到大聽韓德爾的音樂,經歷過幾次又愛又恨的時期。從水上音樂和皇家煙火二名曲聽完之後,作品三的大協奏曲和作品四的風琴協奏曲給我留下的印象不深,因此他的音樂就被我擺在一邊有好幾年之久。一直要等到我大三那一年,買了他作品六的大協奏曲以及作品七的風琴協奏曲,才對他的音樂,特別是在對位與合聲同時的處理上,又重新豎起敬意。貝多芬也在研究他的音樂的時候會說:「韓德爾是這是世上最偉大的作曲家。我一定會在他的墓前,五體投地,磕上幾個頭。」記得,樂聖貝多芬認為最偉大的,不是巴哈,而是Handel ~~~

Handel的這些組曲,跟巴哈還有泰雷曼(Telemann)一樣,一聽就知道是「德式的」法國組曲。雖然樂章架構多採用法國組曲的各種舞曲樂章,但有些舞曲Handel將法式舞曲中強力的附點節奏,變得比較緩和。明顯的例子是許多courante和gigue舞曲,Handel選擇寫比較義大利式的風格。就個人經驗和感想,Handel的音樂不見得會失去巴哈音樂所有的深度,但他在音樂,卻比巴哈要來得甜,更好親近。巴哈的音樂,有時給人的感覺會過於冷漠,太過於理性。但Handel跟另一位巨匠不同的是,他的音樂又沒有來得那麼大眾而顯得膚淺。這不是在批評Telemann,而是說Telemann現實環境的考慮下,努力每天生出那些專門取悅世人的曲子,以維持生計。

如果韓德爾的音樂聽得夠多,會發現他常常將自己不同的旋律回收,也會不時回收當時其他作曲家的旋律。(Telemann是其中的一個受害(益)者。) 只能說當時沒有著作權法的觀念,因些有名的歌曲會常常以不同的形式呈現在世人眼前。在八首組曲中最好的例子,就是第三首組曲的最後一樂章Presto。同樣的旋律出現在作品三的第六號大協奏曲,以及作品七的第四首風琴協奏曲。雖然第一直覺反應是好像被騙錢了,不過漸漸地,也愛上大鍵琴有別於風琴更清晰的音色。(個人偏見~~~~)

表演者Paul Nicholson,除了擔任過Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment的continuo手以外,也和Elizabeth Wallfisch等組成Locatelli Trio(後改名為Convivium),錄製許多有趣的室內樂。不過很可惜地,他已轉行去當牧師了,所以以後很有可能無法再聽到他表演音樂了。

至於音樂本身,Paul Nicholson是英系的大鍵琴家,因此許多演奏風格,特別是在速度與節奏的選擇上,都比較平穩。相較於Pierre Hantai 和 Skip Sempe 炫技的風格,可能會有一絲絲古板。但Paul的創意和新鮮感,來自曲子反覆時他所加的變化。在巴洛克時期,當曲子有出現反覆記號,並不是叫音樂家死死將地將相同的音符完完全全彈一遍。常常,大家的期待是在重覆的時候,音樂家可以自己即興地加一些裝飾奏,讓曲子增加色彩。就光這一點,Paul成功地傳承了巴洛克音樂的精神。特別是在「快樂的鐵匠」中最後幾段的變奏,他還能加入那麼多自己的東西,不僅讓人大呼過癮,也讓人從心中佩服與羨慕。

有興趣想了解巴洛克時期巴哈以外的鍵盤音樂的朋友們,就接受度而言,我一定會首推這些曲子。個人因為了聽了之後非常喜歡,自己後來也將第一組曲,還有第三組曲的幾個樂章練起來。

上傳了「快樂的鐵匠」到youtube,可在下面點閱。

I started learning the harpsichord in late 2005 and have been playing continuously ever since. As a result of thus, I started to really listen to solo harpsichord works. Before this, my collection mainly focused on chamber works, concertos, and orchestral suites.

Admittedly, solo harpsichord music is not the easiest genre to listen to. If not played well, it can easily be monotonous and boring. It also takes a good and experienced ear to pick out the delicacies and nuances. I have since been very accustomed and very fond listening to this repertoire, which I have acquired a rather impressive collection of harpsichord music.

This recording of Handel's 8 Great Suites are his first published volume of suites and are decidedly more well-known. The 5th suite ends with the now world famously tune called "The Harmonious Blacksmith," which many piano students were forced to play during their early childhood.

Listening to Handel's music growing up, I had cycles of my love-hate relation with Handel. One of my main criticisms of him was his tendency to recycle alot of his material into different genres. The same tune would turn up in an organ concerto, later show up in another concerto grosso, and finally end up in a harpsichord suite. However, listening to his op.6 Concerti Grossi and his organ concertos, he regained my admiration for him on his handling of contrapuntal and melodic lines. Distinctly along the lines of the German tradition, his music lines are sweeter than Bach but not as obviously written in a crowd-pleasing manner like Telemann, Handel's music has since grown on me. It is no wonder that I've decided to play quite some of his keyboard music.

Paul Nicholson's recording of these suites are superbly exciting. He tends to hold a strict and steady tempo for most pieces and not as imaginative as some other harpsichordists out there. However, he more than makes up for this by adding break-taking ornamentations during section repeats. Sometimes these ornamentations give the music such a distinct character that it doesn't resemble a regular repeat. Take for example, the last few variations of "The Harmonious Blacksmith" of Suite No.5 and the also famous Chaconne (arranged by Johan Halvorsen for violin and viola and recorded by Jascha Heifetz) from Suite No.7; those added notes by Nicholson leaves one in awe. Highly recommended recording for people who are interested in exploring Baroque keyboard music other than that guy named J.S. Bach.

Attached the famous (infamous) "The Harmonious Blacksmith" at the end.



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